Semantics closely related with thinking. And the thinking of mankind has common features . So ,the semantics has the universe general characteristic. For this reason , one language can translate into other languages .For example,“/mɯ:³³/(มือ) ” translate into English is “hand”, and translate into Chinese is “/ʂou:²¹⁴/”;“/a:³³ʦa:n³³/ (อาจารย์) ” translate into English is “teacher”, and translate into Chinese is “/lao²¹⁴ʂi³³/” ,and so on .
While ,at the same time ,language is always associated with specific socio-cultural and specific historical tradition. Different ethnic group users who come from different socio-cultural and historical traditional environment will have different ways and point of views of knowing things in the world . Therefore , The semantics also has the nationality's individuality characteristic .For example ,in Chinese ,the word “/ɕi²¹⁴/”,which means washing something ,translate into Dai Le language will be translate into six different word .
Chinese：
洗/ɕi²¹⁴/(washing something)
Dai Le Language：
soi³³ (na¹³ ) wash (one’s face)
saʼ⁵⁵ (ho⁵⁵ ) shampoo (one’shair)
a:p³⁵ (nam¹¹) take a (bath)
sak³³ (pʰak³³) wash (clothes)
saʼ³³ (pʰak³³) wash (vegetable)
la:ŋ¹¹ (wa:n¹¹) wash (bowl)
In this table we can see the difference of semantics summarizes between Chinese and Dai Le language clearly. “/ɕi²¹⁴/(Wash) ” in Chinese is considered that is the identical action. Thus, using the identical word summarizes its semantics. But in Dai Le language is considered that these are different actions, which are not able to use the identical word to summarize their semantics, but need to use six different words to summarize its semantics separately. This case is manifesting the semantic’s national identity.
In addition, the semantics’s national character also displays that the broad scope of a word meaning will be different in dialect of a identical language. For example, in Chinese “/ʂou:²¹⁴/(hand)” only means the part from wrist to the finger in the dialect of Beijing ,but in the dialect of Sichuan it also means the arm. If a Beijing people says: “my hand pains.” is means the part from the finger to the wrist pains. But if a Sichuan people says: “my hand pains.” ,except the same meaning which is the Beijing people refer to ,also probably refers to the arm pains. Such example is too numerous to mention in Chinese. eg, the Chinese southerners said eating meal, generally refers to eat the rice, does not including eating the wheaten food .But the northerner said eating meal, will includ eating the wheaten food, and so on.
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